Tjir 1, PB 86, BD 5, BD 10, PR 17, GT 1, RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 28/59, PB 217, PB 235, RRIM 703, RRII 5, PCK-1, 2 and PB 260
1) Soil and Climate
It requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. Regions prone to heavy winds should be avoided.
2)Season
June – July is optimum for cultivation
3) Method of propagation
Propagated by green budding, brown budding and crown budding.
4) Nursery:
Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length.
Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm
Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm
Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm
Bud wood nursery – 60 x 90 cm or 60 x 120 cm.
5) Seedling Nursery:
Manuring:
Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate.
1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha.
Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months.
6) Planting:
Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost
Planting material |
Spacing (m) |
Population / ha |
Budded plants |
Hilly areas |
6.7 X 3.4 |
445 |
Plains |
4.9 X 4.9 |
420 |
Seedlings |
Hilly areas |
6.1 X 3.0 |
539 |
Plains |
4.6 X 4.6 |
479 |
In situ sowing:
Germinated seeds are sown in situ in the pits. Healthy ones are retained and the others removed.
For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage
Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below:
Months after planting |
Period of application |
Quantity per plant |
10:10:4 |
12:12:6 |
3 |
September/October |
225 g |
190 kg |
9 |
April/May |
445 g |
380 kg |
15 |
September/October |
450 g |
380 kg |
21 |
April/May |
450 g |
480 kg |
27 |
September/October |
550 g |
480 kg |
33 |
April/May |
550 g |
380 kg |
39 |
September/October |
450 g |
380 kg |
Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5th year till the tree is ready for tapping.
Matured rubber trees under tapping
For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency.
Aftercultivation
Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopagonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops.
Tapping
S/2 d/2 |
(half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months) |
100% Intensity |
S /2 d/2 6m /9 |
(half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months) |
67 intensity |
S /2d/3 |
(half spiral, third day) |
67 intensity |
S/2 d/3 1m/2 |
(half spiral, daily for one month and rested for next month) |
100% intensity |
S /1 d/4 |
Full spiral, fourth day |
100% intensity |
V /2 d/2 12m/16 |
Half circumstances and cut alternate day for 12 months and rested for the next 4 months |
75% intensity |
Ethrel treatment
Ethrel is recommended to increase latex yield of trees. It is applied at 5% a.i. concentration with a brush below the tapping cut to a width of 5 cm after light scraping of the outer bark. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch.
Tapping panel dryness (Brown bast)
Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent).
Control
Reduce tapping intensity or give a tapping rest for 3 to 12 months